Founding figures

Pioneers

Fifteen figures who invented the concepts, machines and languages at the foundation of computing.

Charles Babbage Unknown author — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1791 — 1871 · UK

Charles Babbage

British mathematician and inventor, designer of programmable calculating engines

Ada Lovelace Alfred Edward Chalon — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1815 — 1852 · UK

Ada Lovelace

British mathematician, pioneer of computer programming

John von Neumann Los Alamos National Laboratory — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1903 — 1957 · US/HU

John von Neumann

Hungarian-American mathematician, architect of the stored-program computer

Grace Hopper James S. Davis, U.S. Navy — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1906 — 1992 · US

Grace Hopper

American computer scientist and naval officer, inventor of the compiler

Alan Turing Unknown author — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1912 — 1954 · UK

Alan Turing

British mathematician, theoretical founder of computer science and cryptanalyst

Claude Shannon Tekniska Museet — CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1916 — 2001 · USA

Claude Shannon

American mathematician and electrical engineer who founded information theory and invented the concept of the bit

Douglas Engelbart SRI International — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1925 — 2013 · USA

Douglas Engelbart

American engineer who invented the computer mouse and pioneered graphical user interfaces, hypertext, and computer-supported collaborative work

Edsger W. Dijkstra Hamilton Richards, UT Austin — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1930 — 2002 · NL

Edsger W. Dijkstra

Dutch computer scientist who devised the shortest path algorithm, pioneered structured programming, and invented the semaphore synchronization primitive

Margaret Hamilton Unknown author — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1936 · USA

Margaret Hamilton

American software engineer who led the development of Apollo 11's onboard flight software at NASA and coined the term "software engineering"

Donald Knuth Jacob Appelbaum — CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1938 · USA

Donald Knuth

American computer scientist, author of The Art of Computer Programming and creator of the TeX typesetting system, founding father of algorithm analysis

Dennis Ritchie Denise Panyik-Dale — CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1941 — 2011 · US

Dennis Ritchie

American computer scientist, creator of the C language and co-author of UNIX

Ken Thompson A.C. Diller — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1943 · USA

Ken Thompson

American computer scientist who co-created Unix with Dennis Ritchie and invented the B programming language, precursor to C

Vint Cerf Duncan Hull, Royal Society — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1943 · USA

Vint Cerf

American computer scientist who co-authored the TCP/IP protocol with Bob Kahn and is widely regarded as a founding father of the Internet

Geoffrey Hinton Eviatar Bach (InverseHypercube) — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1947 · UK/CA

Geoffrey Hinton

British-Canadian computer scientist, pioneer of deep neural networks

Richard Stallman Gaurav Bhattacharya — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1953 · USA

Richard Stallman

American programmer who founded the GNU Project and the Free Software Foundation, authored the GPL license, and established the free software movement

Bill Gates Kuhlmann / MSC — CC BY 3.0 DE, via Wikimedia Commons 1955 · US

Bill Gates

American computer scientist and entrepreneur, co-founder of Microsoft

James Gosling Heron — CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1955 · CA

James Gosling

Canadian computer scientist who created the Java programming language in 1994 and the "Write Once, Run Anywhere" paradigm

Steve Jobs Matthew Yohe — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1955 — 2011 · US

Steve Jobs

American entrepreneur, co-founder of Apple and architect of the Macintosh and iPhone

Tim Berners-Lee Paul Clarke — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1955 · UK

Tim Berners-Lee

British computer scientist, inventor of the World Wide Web

Guido van Rossum PyCon US — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1956 · NL

Guido van Rossum

Dutch programmer who created the Python language in 1989, now the dominant language for data science and artificial intelligence

Linus Torvalds Unknown / LinuxMag.com — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1969 · FI

Linus Torvalds

Finnish software engineer, creator of the Linux kernel and of Git

Elon Musk Debbie Rowe, Royal Society — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1971 · US/ZA

Elon Musk

South-African-American entrepreneur, head of Tesla, SpaceX and X

Larry Page Marcin Mycielski, European Parliament — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1973 · US

Larry Page

American computer scientist and entrepreneur, co-founder of Google

Mark Zuckerberg Anthony Quintano — CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1984 · US

Mark Zuckerberg

American entrepreneur, co-founder of Facebook and chief executive of Meta

Sam Altman James Tamim — CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1985 · US

Sam Altman

American entrepreneur and investor, chief executive of OpenAI