Innovations

Filter All Mechanical Origins Electronic Era Personal Computing Birth of the Internet Web Era Web 2.0 & Social Media Mobile & Cloud Generative AI

Mrjohncummings (Science Museum, London) — CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1837

Machine analytique

Hardware / Mechanical computing

U.S. Army Photo — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1945

ENIAC

Hardware / Electronic computer

Windell Oskay — CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1947

Transistor

Hardware / Electronic component

ARPA — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1969

ARPANET

Network / Computer network

Jargon File — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1969

UNIX

Software / Operating system

Thomas Nguyen (Fouky) — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1971

Intel 4004

Hardware / Microprocessor

Rezonansowy — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1972

C

Software / Programming language

Daderot — CC0 1.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1973

Ethernet

Network / Local area protocol

SqlPac, modified by Ferdna — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1974

SQL

Software / Query language

Michel Bakni — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1974

TCP/IP

Protocol / Networking

Hellis (it.wikipedia) — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1977

Apple II

Hardware / Microcomputer

David Göthberg — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1977

RSA

Cryptography / Security

Boffy b — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1981

IBM PC

Hardware / Microcomputer

Grm wnr — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1984

Macintosh

Hardware / Microcomputer

W3C — CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1991

HTML

Software / Markup language

Larry Ewing, Simon Budig, Garrett LeSage — CC0, via Wikimedia Commons 1991

Linux

Software / Kernel and operating system

Just van Rossum — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1991

Python

Software / Programming language

Coolcaesar — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 1991

World Wide Web

Software / Hypertext system

Charles Severance — CC0, via Wikimedia Commons 1993

Mosaic

Software / Web browser

sbmehta (Sun Microsystems) — BSD License, via Wikimedia Commons 1995

Java

Language / Programming language

Christopher Williams — MIT license / Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 1995

JavaScript

Software / Web programming language

Google — Public domain (logo, simple shapes/text), via Wikimedia Commons 1998

Google

Platform / Search engine

Wikimedia Foundation — CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 2001

Wikipedia

Platform / Collaborative encyclopedia

Facebook — Public domain (logo, simple shapes/text), via Wikimedia Commons 2004

Facebook

Platform / Social network

Jason Long — CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 2005

Git

Software / Version control system

YouTube — Public domain (logo, simple shapes/text), via Wikimedia Commons 2005

YouTube

Platform / Online video

Amazon Web Services — Apache License 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 2006

AWS

Platform / Cloud computing

Rafael Fernandez (TheGoldenBox) — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 2007

iPhone

Hardware / Smartphone

Google Inc. — CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 2008

Android

Software / Mobile operating system

Grayliptrot — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 2008

Bitcoin

Decentralized Finance / Cryptocurrency

Maklaan — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 2013

Docker

Software / Containerization

Google — Public domain (logo, simple shapes/text), via Wikimedia Commons 2015

TensorFlow

Software / Machine learning library

Ravelinha — CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 2017

Transformer

Neural architecture / Natural language processing

OpenAI — Public domain (logo, simple shapes/text), via Wikimedia Commons 2022

ChatGPT

AI / Conversational agent

OpenAI — Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 2023

GPT-4

AI / Large language model